Behavision/server/internal/api/api.go

// Package api is the request/response half of the server: staff signing in
// from the desktop app, reports, the in-store customer form, and a fresh PC
// collecting its broker credentials.
//
// The MQTT consumer in `ingest` is the other half and shares nothing with this
// but the database. That separation is deliberate — an agent is authenticated
// by the broker and identified by its topic, a person is authenticated by a
// password and identified by a session. Merging the two would mean one code
// path deciding two very different questions about who is asking.
//
// Every handler here derives the tenant from the SESSION, never from the
// request body. A client_id parameter that the caller can set is a cross-tenant
// read waiting for someone to try it.
package api

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/loyaly/behavision-server/internal/auth"
)

// Store is what the API needs from the database. Declared here, implemented in
// package store, so handlers can be tested against a fake with no Postgres —
// the same pattern ingest already uses.
type Store interface {
	// --- identity ---
	UserByEmail(ctx context.Context, email string) (UserRecord, error)
	TouchUserLogin(ctx context.Context, userID string) error
	CreateSession(ctx context.Context, s NewSession) error
	SessionByAccess(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (auth.Principal, time.Time, error)
	SessionByRefresh(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (auth.Principal, time.Time, error)
	RotateSession(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, s NewSession) error
	RevokeSession(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) error

	// --- reports ---
	Footfall(ctx context.Context, q ReportQuery) ([]FootfallPoint, Totals, error)
	Conversion(ctx context.Context, q ReportQuery) (SalesReport, error)
	SiteHealth(ctx context.Context, clientID string) ([]SiteHealth, error)

	// --- people ---
	SearchVisitors(ctx context.Context, clientID, query string, limit int) ([]Customer, error)
	VisitorHistory(ctx context.Context, clientID, visitorID string, limit int) ([]VisitRow, error)
	// Arrivals is the live feed: who walked in, newest window or from a cursor.
	Arrivals(ctx context.Context, q ArrivalQuery) ([]Arrival, error)
	SaveProfile(ctx context.Context, clientID string, p Profile, actor string) error
	RecordPurchase(ctx context.Context, clientID string, p PurchaseInput, actor string) error

	// --- cameras ---
	Cameras(ctx context.Context, clientID, siteID string) ([]Camera, error)
	CameraByID(ctx context.Context, clientID, id string) (Camera, error)
	SaveCamera(ctx context.Context, clientID, siteID, cameraID string, in CameraInput) (Camera, error)
	DeleteCamera(ctx context.Context, clientID, id string) (Camera, error)
	// AgentCameras is the only path that decrypts a camera password, and it is
	// reachable only with that site's own agent token.
	AgentCameras(ctx context.Context, siteID string) ([]AgentCamera, error)
	ApplyAgentReport(ctx context.Context, clientID, siteID string, rep AgentCameraReport) error
	// Camera pictures held by this server, for deployments with no object
	// storage. Where a bucket is configured neither of these is called.
	PutCameraSnapshot(ctx context.Context, clientID, siteID, cameraID string, jpeg []byte) error
	CameraSnapshot(ctx context.Context, clientID, cameraID string) ([]byte, time.Time, error)

	// --- claiming a shop PC ---
	IssueEnrolmentCode(ctx context.Context, clientID, siteID, actorID,
		label string, ttl time.Duration) (EnrolmentCode, error)

	// --- proving a camera works ---
	RequestCheck(ctx context.Context, clientID, id, kind string, seconds int) error
	ClaimChecks(ctx context.Context, siteID string) ([]AgentCheckJob, error)
	RecordCheckResult(ctx context.Context, siteID string, res AgentCheckResult) error
	ReleaseStaleChecks(ctx context.Context, olderThan time.Duration) error

	// --- platform administration ---
	CreateClientWithOwner(ctx context.Context, in NewClientInput) (NewClientResult, error)
	ListClients(ctx context.Context) ([]ClientRow, error)

	// --- enrolment ---
	RedeemEnrolment(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (Enrolment, error)
	SetAgentAPIToken(ctx context.Context, agentID string, hash []byte) error
	AgentByToken(ctx context.Context, hash []byte) (AgentPrincipal, error)

	// --- images ---
	VisitorImageKey(ctx context.Context, clientID, visitorID string) (string, error)
	VisitorImageKeys(ctx context.Context, clientID, visitorID string) ([]string, error)
	ForgetVisitor(ctx context.Context, clientID, visitorID string) error

	Audit(ctx context.Context, e AuditEntry)
}

type Server struct {
	Store     Store
	Log       *log.Logger
	Bootstrap BootstrapConfig
	// Now is injectable so expiry logic is testable without sleeping.
	Now func() time.Time
	// Throttle limits failed sign-ins per account, IPThrottle per source
	// address. Built on first use so a zero-value Server is still safe: an
	// unlimited login endpoint reached by forgetting one field is not a failure
	// mode worth leaving open.
	Throttle   *Throttle
	IPThrottle *Throttle
	// Blob is object storage. Nil means this deployment stores no images,
	// which is a supported configuration and the default: the product shipped
	// without images on purpose, and turning them on changes what the database
	// is under data-protection law.
	Blob BlobStore
	// Assistant answers questions in plain language by calling the same
	// business questions the screens ask. Nil means this deployment has no
	// API key, which is supported: the UI hides the panel.
	Assistant Assistant
	// Hub wakes live arrival streams when the MQTT consumer records a visit.
	// Nil is supported and means the streams fall back to their slow tick -
	// a server assembled without one is slower, not broken.
	Hub *Hub

	once sync.Once
}

func (s *Server) throttles() (perUser, perIP *Throttle) {
	s.once.Do(func() {
		if s.Throttle == nil {
			s.Throttle = NewThrottle(10, 15*time.Minute)
		}
		if s.IPThrottle == nil {
			// Far looser than the per-account limit, and deliberately so. A
			// whole shop sits behind one NAT address, so a per-IP limit tight
			// enough to stop a targeted attack locks out every member of staff
			// because one of them fumbled their password. The per-ACCOUNT limit
			// is what actually stops somebody working through a password list;
			// this is only a backstop against spraying one guess across many
			// addresses.
			s.IPThrottle = NewThrottle(60, 15*time.Minute)
		}
	})
	return s.Throttle, s.IPThrottle
}

// BootstrapConfig is what a newly enrolled PC is told about the estate. It
// comes from the server's own environment, never from the request: an agent
// asking where to connect must not be able to influence the answer.
type BootstrapConfig struct {
	MQTTURL string
	CACert  string
	Models  []ModelRef
}

type ModelRef struct {
	Name   string `json:"name"`
	URL    string `json:"url"`
	SHA256 string `json:"sha256"`
	Bytes  int64  `json:"bytes"`
}

func (s *Server) now() time.Time {
	if s.Now != nil {
		return s.Now()
	}
	return time.Now().UTC()
}

func (s *Server) logf(format string, v ...any) {
	if s.Log != nil {
		s.Log.Printf(format, v...)
	}
}

// Routes returns the mux. Patterns use method-qualified paths so a GET to a
// write endpoint is a 405 rather than falling through to the catch-all as a
// confusing 404.
func (s *Server) Routes() *http.ServeMux {
	mux := http.NewServeMux()

	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/auth/login", s.handleLogin)
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/auth/refresh", s.handleRefresh)
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/auth/logout", s.authed(s.handleLogout))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/auth/me", s.authed(s.handleMe))

	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/reports/footfall", s.authed(s.handleFootfall))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/reports/conversion", s.authed(s.handleConversion))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/sites", s.authed(s.handleSites))

	// Cameras, onboarded from head office. The shop PC still does the
	// connecting - it is the only thing on the camera's network - so these
	// write desired state that its agent pulls and applies.
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/cameras", s.authed(s.handleCameras))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/sites/{site}/cameras", s.authed(s.handleCreateCamera))
	mux.HandleFunc("PATCH /api/cameras/{id}", s.authed(s.handleUpdateCamera))
	mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/cameras/{id}", s.authed(s.handleDeleteCamera))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/cameras/{id}/snapshot.jpg", s.authed(s.handleGetSnapshot))
	// Prove a camera works: "connection" asks whether the shop PC can open the
	// stream, "placement" asks whether somebody walking past produces a view
	// good enough to recognise. Two questions, because a camera passes the
	// first and fails the second all the time - that is the Office1 case.
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/cameras/{id}/check", s.authed(s.handleRequestCheck))
	// The end-to-end answer for one shop, assembled from what head office
	// already knows - so it works even when the shop PC is off, which is one of
	// the things it reports.
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/sites/{site}/check", s.authed(s.handleSiteCheck))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/sites/{site}/enrolment-code",
		s.authed(s.handleIssueEnrolmentCode))

	// The assistant. Every tool it calls runs as the signed-in user, so it can
	// only ever see what the person asking could already see.
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/assistant", s.authed(s.handleAssistant))

	// The live feed. `visitors` searches a customer list by name; `visits`
	// answers the question a shop screen or a mobile app actually asks - who
	// came through the door just now - and carries each person's photo with
	// them so rendering four simultaneous arrivals is one request, not nine.
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/visits", s.authed(s.handleArrivals))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/visits/stream", s.authed(s.handleArrivalStream))

	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/visitors", s.authed(s.handleVisitors))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/visitors/{id}/history", s.authed(s.handleVisitorHistory))
	mux.HandleFunc("PUT /api/visitors/{id}/profile", s.authed(s.handleSaveProfile))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/purchases", s.authed(s.handlePurchase))

	// Platform administration. Not public registration: an open endpoint that
	// mints tenants is a far larger thing to secure than one behind an account
	// that already exists. The `provision` CLI remains the bootstrap path,
	// because creating the first admin cannot require being signed in as one.
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/admin/clients", s.adminOnly(s.handleListClients))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/admin/clients", s.adminOnly(s.handleCreateClient))

	// Not session-authenticated: this is how a PC with no credentials gets
	// some. The enrolment token is the credential.
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/agent/enrol", s.handleEnrol)
	// Authenticated by the agent's own API token, not a user session.
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/agent/upload-url", s.agentAuthed(s.handleUploadURL))
	// What this shop PC should be running, and what it reports back.
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/agent/cameras", s.agentAuthed(s.handleAgentCameras))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/agent/cameras", s.agentAuthed(s.handleAgentCameraReport))
	mux.HandleFunc("PUT /api/agent/cameras/{camera}/snapshot",
		s.agentAuthed(s.handlePutSnapshot))
	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/agent/checks", s.agentAuthed(s.handleAgentChecks))
	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/agent/checks", s.agentAuthed(s.handleAgentCheckResult))

	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/visitors/{id}/image", s.authed(s.handleVisitorImage))
	// The erasure path. Destroys the template and the photo; keeps the
	// anonymous visit counts, which are legitimate aggregate data.
	mux.HandleFunc("DELETE /api/visitors/{id}", s.authed(s.handleForgetVisitor))

	return mux
}

// ---------------------------------------------------------------- plumbing

type ctxKey int

const principalKey ctxKey = 1

// PrincipalFrom returns the authenticated caller. Handlers behind authed() can
// rely on it being present.
func PrincipalFrom(ctx context.Context) auth.Principal {
	p, _ := ctx.Value(principalKey).(auth.Principal)
	return p
}

func (s *Server) authed(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		tok := auth.BearerToken(r)
		if tok == "" {
			unauthorized(w, "sign in to continue")
			return
		}
		p, expires, err := s.Store.SessionByAccess(r.Context(), auth.HashToken(tok))
		if err != nil {
			// One message for "no such session" and "revoked": telling the
			// difference is only useful to someone probing tokens.
			unauthorized(w, "sign in to continue")
			return
		}
		if s.now().After(expires) {
			// A distinct code so the client refreshes silently instead of
			// throwing the user back to a login form every twelve hours.
			writeErr(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "token_expired",
				"your session needs refreshing")
			return
		}
		next(w, r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), principalKey, p)))
	}
}

func writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, body any) {
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	w.WriteHeader(code)
	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(body); err != nil {
		// Nothing useful left to do: the status line is already sent.
		return
	}
}

// writeCompactJSON writes JSON with no trailing newline.
//
// Encoder.Encode appends one, which inside an SSE `data:` line closes the event
// a frame early. Everywhere else that newline is invisible; here it is a
// protocol bug, so the stream gets its own writer rather than a comment on the
// shared one asking people to remember.
func writeCompactJSON(w io.Writer, body any) error {
	b, err := json.Marshal(body)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err = w.Write(b)
	return err
}

// writeErr uses the shape the desktop client parses: it shows `message`
// verbatim, so that string is user-facing text, not a developer note.
func writeErr(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, kind, message string) {
	writeJSON(w, code, map[string]string{"error": kind, "message": message})
}

func unauthorized(w http.ResponseWriter, msg string) {
	writeErr(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", msg)
}

func badRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, msg string) {
	writeErr(w, http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request", msg)
}

func (s *Server) serverError(w http.ResponseWriter, where string, err error) {
	// The error text stays in the log. A database error surfaced to a shop
	// floor tells an attacker about the schema and tells the operator nothing
	// they can act on.
	s.logf("ERROR %s: %v", where, err)
	writeErr(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, "server_error",
		"something went wrong at our end - please try again")
}

// decode reads a JSON body with a hard size limit. Unknown fields are rejected
// so a client sending `client_id` to a handler that ignores it finds out,
// rather than believing it took effect.
func decode(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, out any) error {
	dec := json.NewDecoder(http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, 1<<20))
	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
	if err := dec.Decode(out); err != nil {
		return errors.New("could not read the request: " + err.Error())
	}
	return nil
}

// decodeOptional is decode for a body where every field has a default.
//
// An empty body is then a legitimate request - "mint me a code, I have nothing
// to say about it" - and answering that with 400 "could not read the request:
// EOF" is a confusing failure for the simplest possible call. Not the default,
// because for most endpoints an empty body IS the mistake, and silently
// treating it as an empty object would let a PUT wipe a profile.
func decodeOptional(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, out any) error {
	dec := json.NewDecoder(http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, 1<<20))
	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
	if err := dec.Decode(out); err != nil {
		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
			return nil
		}
		return errors.New("could not read the request: " + err.Error())
	}
	return nil
}

func queryInt(r *http.Request, name string, def, max int) int {
	v, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get(name))
	if err != nil || v <= 0 {
		return def
	}
	if v > max {
		return max
	}
	return v
}

func trim(s string) string { return strings.TrimSpace(s) }

// looksLikeUUID checks the shape of a path id before it reaches SQL.
//
// Every id in this schema is a uuid, and `$1::uuid` on a malformed string is a
// Postgres cast error - which surfaces as a 500. A mistyped URL is not a server
// fault, and answering one with "something went wrong at our end" sends an
// operator looking for an outage that is not there. It also means a scanner
// walking the API can tell, from the status code alone, which of its guesses
// reached a query.
func looksLikeUUID(s string) bool {
	if len(s) != 36 {
		return false
	}
	for i, c := range s {
		switch i {
		case 8, 13, 18, 23:
			if c != '-' {
				return false
			}
		default:
			isHex := (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
			if !isHex {
				return false
			}
		}
	}
	return true
}

// ErrNoSecrets means the server has no encryption key, so camera passwords can
// be neither stored nor handed out. Declared here so handlers can recognise it
// without importing the store package.
var ErrNoSecrets = errors.New("this server has no encryption key, so camera passwords cannot be stored")

// ErrNoSnapshot means a camera has no stored picture. An ordinary state - a
// camera added a minute ago has none - so it is reported as absence, never as
// a failure.
var ErrNoSnapshot = errors.New("no snapshot for this camera")

// BlobStore is what the API needs from object storage. Declared here and
// implemented by internal/blob, so the handlers can be tested without a bucket
// and so a deployment with images switched off is a nil field rather than a
// second code path.
type BlobStore interface {
	Key(client, site, objectID string, at time.Time) string
	PresignPut(key string, ttl time.Duration) (string, http.Header, error)
	PresignGet(key string, ttl time.Duration) (string, error)
	Delete(ctx context.Context, key string) error
}

// newObjectID names one uploaded image.
//
// Random rather than derived from the event id: an object key is guessable if
// it is derived, and this bucket allows anonymous listing, so a predictable key
// would let someone enumerate a shop's customers by date. It is also the only
// identifier the agent gets, and it must not encode who the person is.
func newObjectID() string {
	var b [16]byte
	if _, err := rand.Read(b[:]); err != nil {
		// Cannot happen short of a broken kernel, and a predictable key here
		// would be worse than a failed upload.
		panic("api: no entropy for an object id: " + err.Error())
	}
	return hex.EncodeToString(b[:])
}